Allergies in dogs is a common health problem that can affect the well-being and quality of life of your furry friend. Itching, digestive issues, recurring ear infections… These symptoms can be signs of an allergic reaction. It is essential to understand the causes of allergies, know how to recognize the symptoms, and be aware of the appropriate solutions to relieve your pet’s discomfort. In this article, we will go over different types of allergies in dogs, their causes, how to identify them, and what solutions and treatments are available.
What can an allergy in a dog be?
To begin with, an allergy is an excessive reaction made by the immune system to a normally harmless substance called an allergen. This type of reaction can cause inflammation, skin irritation, digestive issues, or respiratory issues. Dogs can be sensitive to various allergens, which they inhale, ingest, or touch. It’s important to point out that some dogs are genetically predisposed to allergies, particularly certain breeds such as French Bulldogs, Labradors, and Westies.
The different types of allergies in dogs
Food allergies
To start off with, food allergies in dogs are caused by an intolerance to certain proteins in their diet. Unlike food intolerances, which generally affect their digestion, food allergies can cause skin and systemic symptoms. The foods most often involved are:
- beef,
- chicken,
- dairy products,
- grains such as wheat or corn.
Common symptoms:
- digestive issues (diarrhea, vomiting),
- itching and skin redness,
- recurrent ear infections,
- lethargy and low energy.
Food allergies can develop at any age, even if they have been eating a certain food for their entire life without any issues.
This Letsgetpet article might interest you: 10 dangerous foods for dogs
Environmental allergies (atopic dermatitis)
Next, environmental allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, dust, or mold, can cause atopic dermatitis in dogs. These allergies are often seasonal. However, they can become chronic.
Symptoms:
- Intense itching (especially the legs, ears, and muzzle)
- Irritated, red, or infected skin
- Excessive licking and biting
- Sneezing and conjunctivitis in some cases
Some dogs develop secondary infections caused by excessive scratching and this requires antibiotic treatment.
Flea bite allergy (FBA)
Flea bite allergy dermatitis (FAD) is an extreme reaction to flea saliva. A single bite can cause severe irritation and trigger an allergic reaction.
Symptoms:
- Skin lesions, especially on the back and base of the tail
- Hair loss and scabs
- Intense scratching and agitation
- Rapid onset of sores and inflammation
It is important to treat your dog’s environment quickly to prevent recurrence.
How do you diagnose an allergy in dogs?
If you suspect your dog has an allergy, it is important to consult a vet to establish an accurate diagnosis. The vet will first conduct a clinical examination, observing the symptoms and gathering your pet’s medical history. They may then recommend tests:
- Skin tests: to identify potential environmental allergens.
- Blood tests: allowing for the detection of specific antibodies.
- An elimination diet: this is if a food allergy is suspected. It involves removing certain foods from the diet and then gradually reintroducing them to determine which ingredient is responsible for the allergic reaction.
A precise diagnosis from a vet will allow you to adapt treatment and improve your dog’s quality of life.
Solutions and treatments
Handling food allergies
If your dog is allergic to a certain type of food, it is important to adapt their diet to avoid any reactions. A hypoallergenic diet is recommended, consisting of carefully selected ingredients to minimize the risk of allergies. It is best to choose less common protein sources, such as lamb, fish, or duck, which are generally better tolerated. There are also hydrolyzed foods, which are foods where the proteins are broken down into molecules that are too small to trigger an allergic reaction.
In addition, treats containing potential allergens should be avoided to prevent symptoms from worsening.
Treatment for environmental allergies
To relieve environmental allergies, several solutions exist:
- Antihistamine medications: reduces itching and improves your pet’s comfort
- Specific shampoos: shampoos can help to calm skin irritations and eliminate allergens present on the skin.
- Immunotherapy: to gradually desensitize your dog to the identified allergens.
- Cleaning their environment: wash bedding regularly, vacuum frequently, and avoid carpets where allergens accumulate.
Adapting your dog’s lifestyle is often essential to limit their exposure to allergens.
Prevention and treatment of flea allergies
Regular use of flea and tick treatments is essential to protect your dog from fleas. There are many different forms: tablets, pipettes, and collars available to suit every dog. In addition:
- Clean their bedding and resting areas frequently to remove larvae and eggs.
- Vacuum your carpets and sofas regularly.
- Treat your environment with flea sprays or diffusers.
Rigorous prevention prevents recurrence and improves your dog’s comfort.
Conclusion
In conclusion, allergies can be uncomfortable for dogs, but identifying allergens early and providing appropriate treatment can improve your dog’s quality of life. In addition, providing your dog with a suitable diet, specific treatments, and taking good care of the environment around them is essential. It all ensures that you are preventing and managing their allergic reactions well. If your dog has persistent allergy symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a vet for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. If you take the right steps, you will help your dog live happier and better with their allergies and ensure that they enjoy their daily life to the fullest.